Ridge reamer



May 19, 1953 H. R. BILLETER RIDGE REAMER 2 Sheets-Sheet l Filed sept. 181;` 195o INVENTOR. Hengyoeridv 5% me, Q3

May 19, 1953 H. R. BILLETE-R 2,638,799

RIDGE REAMER Filed Sept. 18, 1950 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 IN VEN TOR.

Patented May 19, Ti953 UNITEDSTATES PATENT 4oFFlcle:

` `RIDGE REAMER Y Henry Robert Billeter, Highland Park,` Ill., as-

" signor to Ammco Tools, Inc., North Chicago,

IIL, a. corporation of Illinois -Application september 1s, leso, serial No. y185,396

Y Claims.

ton and in all instances removal of theridge is` desirable to insure proper functioning of the new-` ly installed rings.

Ridge reamers of the type to which the present invention relates areoften provided with resilient means such as a metallic coil spring for yieldingly maintaining the cutting blade in `contact with the ridge to be reamed. However it has been found that in cutting certain ridges, for example those formed in the cylinders of diesel engines, it is necessary to provide a stiff, high pressure spring to exert the required pressure on the blade. Such a spring renders the reamer unsuitable for cutting ridges which are not so hard.`

so mounted and supported thatthe reamer is adapted for cutting a wide range of ridges `of varying hardness `without interfering `with the desired action of the blade `in cutting theridge in` any particular type of cylinder.

Another object is to provide a ridge reamer wherein the cutting blade is' supported `for slid-` ing and rocking movement in the blade carrier, whereby the blade is adapted to; contact the cylinder ridge suitably to cut away theI ridge in the desired manner and is 'at the saine time resiliently maintained in iirm cutting engagement with the ridge during the cutting operation.

A further Objectis to provide a ridge reamer in which the cutting `blade is smitably.supported` resiliently for engagement with the ridge and atl the same time issubstantially prevented from` chattering or vibrating during the cutting operation.

Still another object is to providea ridge reamer having novel means for `supporting and resilientf ly maintaining the cutting blade incutting engagement with the ridge which means is not n An object of the present invention `therefore is` to provide a ridge reamer having a cutting bladeA easily broken or otherwise damaged innormal use .t

and consequently will remain fully effective over t a long period of use.

A further obj ect is-to provide a ridge reamer of very simple construction.. Which-isv easy and in-f expensive to manufacture and assemble, is rugged and not readily damaged and is fully effective in operation.

Another object is to provide a ridge reamer wherein the cutting blade is movable toward and awayfrom the `ridge and maintained in contact with the ridgev by yieldable resilient means which maintains its resiliency through the entire range of `movement of the blade.` l

`Another object is to provide a ridge reamer of the type having a, plurality of expansible and contractible guides adaptedto be expanded into contact with the cylinderwalls, in which ridge reamer theguides are so arranged that they are capable of a maximum expansion and contraction foryany particular size of reamer, thereby permittingthe use of the reamer for reaming cylinders throughout a wide rangeof sizes.

A further object is to provide a ridge reamer of the expansible and contractible type wherein the guides are effectively supported for easy expansion and contraction and are firmly held in any cuttingposition, "which reamer is formed by a very small number of separate parts thereby per-A mitting the reamer, to be manufactured inexpensively and at the same time minimizing the like-l lihood of malfunctonng. y

` Qtherobjec'ts' andadvantages will be apparent upon reference to the following detailed descriptionand to the accompanying drawings wherein,

Figure 1 is a side elevational view of the ridge reamer of the present invention shown in position in an ,enginecylinden the latter being shown fragmentarily and in section; l

Fig. 2 isa topV plan view of the ridge reamer;

Fig. 3 is a viewfrom the right of Fig. 1, this iigure omitting illustration of the cylinder;

Fig. 4 is a horizontal sectional viewtaken on line 4-4 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional view of the ridge reamer taken on line 5--5 of Fig. 4, and showing j also'fragmentarily and in section an engine cylinder `with the ridge reamer inV position therein;

Fig. 6 is an exploded perspective view of the guide which forms a blade carrier for the cutting blade, together with the cutting blade itself and" theblade equalizer;

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of one of the guides;

and i o t IFig. 8 isa Vtop plan view `of the bottom end member making up part of the body member of the ridge treamer.

`Referring now incletail to the drawings, Fig. y1 illustrates the ridge reamer of the present inventon as a Whole insertedfinto a cylinder l2 of Y porary delay or, in other words, it takes'a temporary set, there'being a small timeilagin` the restoration of the material .to its normal condition. It is to be noted, however, that :the material does not take a permanent set. While natural rubber may be employed it is preferable to employ a vsynthetic rubber having the `desired properties because of its greater. resistance to the deleterious eifectsof oils and greases. Examples of materials which have been found suitable are the synthetic material sold by E. I. du Pont de Nemours Company under the trade `name .fneo.- prene" and that sold by B. F. `GoodrichfConipany under the trade name l-lyCar. l

The blade equalizer E4 isof considerably less axial dimension than the recess `t?, but of a width only slightly less than the recesspe. g. approximately e? less in width. The rear surface of the blade'equalizer indicated at 66 is planar for engaging the wall of the recess, the blade equalizer having a projection B8 fitted in the aperture 54 when the blade equalizer is set in position. The aperture 54 is so positioned that` when the blade equalizer is put in position in `the recess, the equalizer is located adjacent the upper portion of the recess as shown clearly in Fig. 5,l but with its upper end spaced fromthe top wall of the recess whereby it is permitted ready spreading or distortion upwardly. The outer surface 'l0 of the blade equalizer is normallyarcuate as shown in Fig. 6, being curved about a transverse axis. i f

The cutting blade `assembly 12 is inserted in the recess 52 in engagement with the lblade equalizer. The cutting blade assembly includes a block I4 having a groove 'It for receiving the garter spring 38 and a cutout portion lt adjacent its upper `endand on one side forming a shoulder 80 which is `disposed, substantially radially of the reamer. The cutting. blade properor `tip 82 is fitted against the shoulder .8D and permanently secured thereto as by brazing. `The cutting blade 82 is of the desired hardness and havingwthe necessary cutting edge for cutting. the ridge i6 in the `operation of the device. The cutting blade slopes upwardly and outwardly aslight .extent on the order of aboutone-half. of `one degree (030') to assure completely cuttingthe ridge I6 from the cylinder Wall.. The` outer ,cutting sembly, when tted in the4 recess Stilspositioned` with its upper end in the cutoutlportion `B2 and engagement-with the ridge I 6. resulting in the cutting blade assembly sloping downwardly and outwardly to a slight degree. As the ridge I6 is progressively cut off, the upper end of the cutting blade assembly is urged outwardly under the action of the blade equalizer until the ridge is finally `out away, whereupon the lower portion of the cutting blade assembly is positioned substantially vertically and [bears substantially its full length on the main portion of the cylinder Wall, while the cutting blade 82 produces a slight outward taper or fiare in the upper end of the cylinder wall. This taper is, of course, only slight because` the inclination `of the cutting blade is slight as mentioned above. `The cutting blade initially engages only the lower portion of the ridge in those cases where a ridgewas previously cut away leaving a flared surface; upon outward movement of the cutting blade, it progressively cuts away a greater vertical portion of the ridge until it has nally removed the ridge, leaving the tapered or flared portion referred to above. i `Because the blade equalizer is positionedin the upper end of the recess,` and hence adjacent the upper end of the cutting blade assembly, it bears directly against the end of the blade assemblyv carrying the blade and is therefore highly effective for urging the cutting blade outwardly into ridge-cutting position. i

with its rear surface engaging the arcuatesurface l0 of the equalizer.

In operation, the ridge reamerinsuitably conby any suitable tool applied to the drive shanlcm As shown in Fig. 5, the cutting blade assembly.,

'I4 engages the cylinder wallwith `the lower end thereof in direct .engagement with the cylinder wal1 below the ridge` and the cutting blade in the cutting blade assembly progressively increases in proportion to the force urging the cutting blade assembly inwardly. In the rst increment of movement of thecutting blade assembly the blade equalizer is permitted to yield readily because the small portion thereof in engagement with the cutting blade assembly is enabled to spreadrelatively readily. However, 'as

the cutting blade assembly `is"moved further inwardly, the .'blade equalizer `is further flattened, whereupon there is a greater mass of material to bemoved in response to the movement `of `the cutting blade assembly, resulting in progressively increased resistance to yieldability relative to unit force applied. By reason `of this feature, the cutting blade is effective for cutting hard cyl-1 indersand wide ridges Vwhich" require more re` sistance to inward ydisplacement of theblade` in order topcause it tojcut away the ridge than softer cylinders or narrower ridges.`

As the device is operatedand the cutting blade cuts `thefridge IE there is, of course, a strong forcetending to urge the `cutting' blade assembly radially inwardly. This. Yforce distorts the blade equalizercausing the" latter to spread underthe influence thereof, andthe equalizer tends to restore to normal. `urging the` cuttingblade assembly outwardly. The blade equalizer will spreadlaterally only a slight degree until confined against furtherspreadingby the side walls of the recess, but it is permitted to spread longitudinallyor vertically to a great degree, being permitted to spread vertically at both ends readily.` When a slight force `exerted 'bythe cntting blade asssmblylagainst the equalizer .the latter is permitted lid "Spread in both transverse directions, Howe-ver, when a greater force is exerted, .the blade equalizer is spread rvSideways and soon fenga-ges the side wal-ls of the recess whereupon it is .limited trom `further spreading in that direction; additional spreading takes place only longitudinally or vertically and since it can spread vonly in .one transverse direction its ei-.ectiye yle'ldability lessened 4and it therefore exerts a greater reaction to the inward Vforce of the cutting blade assembly. It will thus be seen that .the blade equalizer produces an effect sim-ilar to the .Combined effect of a weak spring and a strong VSpr-ing.

It is believed clear that the device of the present invention is effective for uniformly cutting or roaming a ridge in a cylinder wall regardless of the Condition of the various portions of the ridge. s.

The fact that the material of the -blade equal.- izey -64 taires@ slight temporary ,set upon ycompression and does not instantly restore to normal condition, substantially eliminates chatteririg ci the .cutting 'blade during a ridge roaming operation. Contrast -is made with previously known devices employing such elements as springs for urging the cutting blade outwardly into cutting position. Springs and similar devices almost instantaneously restore to .their normal position after being compressed, but in the present invention restoration of the blade equalizer is effected after only a slight delay. If the cutting blade encounters, -ior instance, .a hard portion of a ridge and consequently is suddenly forced inwardly a greater than normal amount, the blade equalizer does .not instantaneously force the blade outwardly but does so after only a slight delay and during this .delay the cutting blade will have been rotated into such a new position includes a spot, or the blade equalizer may return the cutting blade outwardly in such manner that the cutting blade comes into .engagement again with the ridge more gradually,

whereby in either `case chattering of the'blade is substantially limited.

The material from which the blade equalizer is made permits deformation thereof to take place throughout, and beyond, the range of movement of the blade. The resistance orf the blade equalizcr to deformation, and consequently to the inward movement of the blade, increases more than proportionately to the force causing the deformation. Hence, when the blade is eXpanded outwardly into contact with the ridge to only a. slight extent, the equalizer exerts only a slight resistance, but when the blade is expanded outwardly to. a greater extent, the equalizer exerts a resistance greater in proportion to the greater force tending to move .the blade inwardly.

The characteristics and properties of the rub.- ber-like material of thev blade equalizer as set out above, together with its Shape and position in the recess, produce a characteristic yieldable re,- action to` the inward movement of the cutting blade assembly. In the rst portion thereof the reaction of the blade equalizer is substantially in direct proportion tothe unit `force applied thereito and in the latter portion the reaction is substantially increased in proportion to the unit force app-lied.

It will be noted that there is practically no limit to the yieldability of the blade equalizer, regardieee of the extent of yielding in a particular condition, it can yield greater extent upon the application ci additional .force "Whilel .have herein shown a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is understood that .certai-n .changes may be made within lthe ,scope .of the .appended claims.

I claim:

1. A rotatable cylinder ridge reamer comprising top and bottom end members movable toiward and from each other to expand and contract the rechner, respectively, opposing faces .of each of said end members `having a plurality of .grooves extending tangentiallly to abase `circle concentric with the axis of rotation of the reamer, means for moving said end members toward eachother yto expand the reamer including -a `member disposed on the axis of the reamer within the .connes of said base circle and threadedly engaged with one of said end members and slidable through the other, guide members disposed between and guidingly supported by said end members, each said guide member having ya body element and ahead element with the topand bottom edges of said body element converging inwardly away from said head element and slidably mounted in said end member grooves for slide movement inwardly and outwardly past the axis of the reamer, each said head element extending circumferentially from theouter edge of its respective body element to such an extent that it moves in a radial plane through said axis as said body element is moved inwardly and outwardly of said end member grooves, mea-ns for supporting the ridge reamer as a whole for rotation i-n a4 cylinder to be roamed, a reamer blade assembly carried by one of said head elements and adapted to engage the cylinder ridge to be reamed, and means yieldably retaining said guide members in said end member grooves and constantly urging said 'guide members inwardly.

2. A cylinder ridge reamer adapted to be rotated in. a cylinder and comprising opposed top and bottom end members each having at least three similarly arranged grooves in their opposing faces extending tangentially to a, base circle concentric with the axis of rotation of said ridgev reamen means including an. expansion member extending on said axis, within the basel circle, and slidably through one of said end members and rigidly and adjustably connected to the other of said end members 4for moving said end members toward each other, guide members extending between said end members, each of said guide members having a body formed with top and bottom edges converging inwardly andslidable in said grooves inwardly and outwardly past said axis as said end members are moved toward and away from cach other, said grooves being `arranged whereby thc medial longitudinal plane of each body intersects another of said bodies at a point between the axis and the outer edge of said body, ,at least one of said bodies` having a head parallel to and. circumferentiaily offset from the body in position to' move in a, radial plane pass-ing through said axis as said body is moved inwardly and outwardly, a cutting blade assembly removably carried in the outer edge portion of .said head, resilient backing means between Said blade assembly and said head, and located on both sides o f a medial transverse plane through saisi assembly, and means yieldabiy urging hsaid guide members inwardly.

3. A. cylinder` ridge reamer adapted to be rotated in a cylinder and comprising opposed top and bottom end members each having at least three similarly arranged grooves in their opposirlg faces extending tarigentially to a base circle concentric with the axis of rotation of said ridge reamer with the grooves of each end member converging inwardly toward the other end member, means including an expansion member extending on said axis, within the base circle, and slidably through said top end member, and rigidly and adjustably connected to said bottom end member for moving said end members toward each other, guide members extending between said end members, each of said guide members having a body formed with top and bottom edges converging inwardly complementally to said grooves and slidable in said grooves inwardly and outwardly past said axis as said end members are moved toward and away from each other, said grooves being aranged whereby the medial longitudinal plane of each body intersects another of said bodies at a point between the axis and the outer edge of said body, at least one of said bodies having a head parallel to and circumferentially offset from the body in position to move in a radial plane passing through said axis and said head and formed with an outwardly extending supporting projection at its upper end, the outer face of said head and the lower face of said projection having therein a continuous, elongate recess, an elongate cutting blade assembly removably carried in said recess having a cutting edge on its upper portion, and means yieldably urging said guide members inwardly.

4. A cylinder ridge reamer adapted to be rotated in a cylinder and comprising opposed top and bottom end members, means connecting said end members for moving them toward each other, a plurality of guide members carried between said end members and slidable outwardly with respect thereto upon movement of said guide members toward each other, one of said guide members having an elongate, outwardly opening recess in its outer surface formed with a generally at botwhereby it is restrained against lateral expansion but free to expand longitudinally upon compression by said blade assembly, and means yieldably urging said guide members inwardly.

5. A cutting blade and supporting guide assembly for a cylinder ridge reamer, said assembly comprising a guide member having a body formed with a side edge portion and top and bottom edge portions converging from said side edge portion and a head portion offset laterally from said body adjacent said side edge portion and having an elongate groove extending longitudinally in the face thereof and substantially in a medial longi- `tudinal plane through said head, an elongate cutting blade member removably disposed in said groove and having a cutting edge on one portion thereof, and resilient backing means disposed in said groove between said cutting blade member and the bottom of said groove.

HENRY ROBERT BILLETER.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 700,825 Ritter May 27, 1902 1,491,621 Pfander et a1 Apr. 22, 1924 1,980,288 .Olson g.,- Nov. 13, 1934: 

